Arrhythmia

What is an arrhythmia?

A heart arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat. It happens when the electrical signals that control your heart’s rhythm do not work properly - causing the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or in an uneven pattern. Some arrhythmias may feel like a fluttering or racing heart and are harmless, while others can lead to serious health problems. It is normal for the heartbeat to change during sleep or exercise, but ongoing irregular rhythms may need medical attention.

Types of Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are generally grouped by heart rate:

Tachycardia is a fast heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute), which includes conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib) - a common type linked to stroke.
Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat (under 60 beats per minute), which may not be a problem in healthy people but can cause fatigue or dizziness.
Premature heartbeats are extra beats that can feel like skipped beats. They are usually harmless but can occasionally trigger longer-lasting rhythm problems in people with heart disease.

Causes, Risks & Treatment

Arrhythmias can be caused by many factors, including heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid issues, sleep apnea, or even stress, alcohol, or caffeine. Symptoms may include palpitations, fatigue, dizziness, or fainting—but sometimes, arrhythmias have no noticeable signs.

Treatment options vary based on the type and severity of arrhythmia. These may include medications, implantable devices like pacemakers, or procedures like catheter ablation. A heart-healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, good sleep, and managing stress can help prevent or reduce the risk of arrhythmias.

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